On a crisp October morning in Edmonton, Marjorie Chen, a sixty-two-year-old retired accountant, was walking along the sidewalk on 124th Street when she encountered an area where Westbrook Construction Ltd. had been installing new water lines for a commercial development. The construction crew had excavated a trench approximately six feet deep and four feet wide that ran perpendicular to the sidewalk, and although work had ceased for the day at 4:30 PM the previous afternoon, no barriers, warning signs, or covering had been placed over the opening. Marjorie, who was returning from an early morning medical appointment and whose attention was momentarily drawn to her phone displaying directions to a nearby pharmacy, stepped directly into the uncovered trench at approximately 8:45 AM. She fell the full depth of the excavation, striking her head against a protruding pipe and landing awkwardly on her left leg and hip. Witnesses called emergency services, and Marjorie was transported to the University of Alberta Hospital, where imaging revealed a comminuted fracture of her left femur, a displaced fracture of her left hip requiring total hip arthroplasty, a moderate traumatic brain injury, and multiple contusions and lacerations across her body. Having already established in previous analysis that Westbrook Construction owed Marjorie a duty of care as a foreseeable pedestrian, that leaving the trench uncovered constituted a breach of the standard of care expected of reasonable contractors, and that the breach caused both the fall and the resulting injuries, the critical remaining questions involve quantifying the compensable losses Marjorie has suffered and examining whether any defences available to the contractor might reduce or eliminate its liability.